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The ASTM A500 standard is a North American specification that covers the technical requirements for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in round, square, and rectangular shapes. This standard is widely used in the United States and other regions following ASTM standards, particularly in construction, infrastructure, manufacturing, and general structural applications. ASTM A500 tubing is known for its excellent strength, weldability, and cost-effectiveness.

 

ASTM A500 is divided into the following key sections:

 

 ASTM A500 – Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes

 

This standard specifies requirements for structural tubing produced from carbon steel and formed at ambient temperature, typically without subsequent heat treatment. It covers material properties, chemical composition, mechanical performance, and dimensional tolerances.

 

If you are working with square, rectangular, or round hollow structural sections (HSS), especially in North American construction or engineering projects, understanding ASTM A500 is essential to ensure compliance, quality, and structural integrity.

 

ASTM A500 Structural Tubing Specification
Standard ASTM A500
Procedure ERW, SMLS, SSAW, LSAW
Dimensions 13.7mm – 2235mm
1/4″ – 88″
DN8 – DN400
Thickness 1.65mm – 25.4mm
SCH 5S -SCH XXS
Unit Length 1.5 – 18 mtrs
Steel Grade ASTM A500 Gr. A ASTM A500 Gr. C
ASTM A500 Gr. B ASTM A500 Gr. D
Surface Coating Varnishing, Black, Oiling, Hot Dip Galvanizing
End Type Square cut, Bevelled, Threaded, Grooved
Joint Method Fitting, Flange, Coupling, Clamp, Pipe Shoulder, Welding
Pipe Machining Welding, Bending, Hole Drilling, Punching, Swaging, Tapering, Flaring, Expanding

 

ASTM A500 Scope of Application

 

ASTM A500 covers cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel tubing used in structural applications. It applies to round, square, and rectangular shapes and specifies requirements for steel grades, mechanical properties, and tolerances. The tubing is typically used in buildings, bridges, towers, and various other load-bearing structures.

 

The standard is commonly referenced in structural design codes such as the AISC Steel Construction Manual and is often required for projects in the United States and Canada.

 

Steel Grades in ASTM A500

 

ASTM A500 defines several grades of steel based on mechanical properties. The most commonly specified grades are:

 

Grade A

Lower strength, suitable for less demanding applications

 

Grade B

Most commonly used grade, offering a good balance of strength and formability

 

Grade C

Higher strength, used in applications requiring greater load-bearing capacity

 

Grade D

Typically required for seamless tubing applications

 

 

For example: ASTM A500 Grade B

ASTM A500

Standard specification

Grade B

Minimum yield strength of 46,000 psi (315 MPa) for round tubing and 50,000 psi (340 MPa) for shaped tubing 

 

Chemical Composition Requirements (by heat analysis)

 

Our ASTM A500 hollow profiles comply with strict chemical requirements and are composed of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur and copper. Ensure that the chemical composition of the product complies with ASTM A500 standards to ensure its strength and durability.

 

Chemical Requirements
Element Composition, %
Grades B and D Grade C
Heat Product Heat Product
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis
Carbon, maxA 0.26 0.3 0.23 0.27
Manganese, maxA 1.35 1.4 1.35 1.4
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.045 0.035 0.045
Sulfur, max 0.035 0.045 0.035 0.045
Copper, minB 0.2 0.18 0.2 0.18
A For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum for carbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the specified maximum for manganese is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50 % by heat analysis and 1.60 % by product analysis. B If copper-containing steel is specified in the purchase order.

 

Mechanical Properties

 

The mechanical properties of LEFIN's ASTM A500 hollow profiles are engineered to comply with ASTM standards. Round, square, rectangular, and special tubular shapes demonstrate superior mechanical properties, such as yield strength and elongation.

 

Tensile Requirements
Round, Square, Rectangular, and Special Tubular Shapes
  Grade B Grade C Grade D
Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] 58 000 62 000 58 000
[400] [425] [400]
Yield strength, min, psi [MPa] 46 000 50 000 36 000
[315] [345] [250]
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min, %C 23A 21B 23A
A Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t ) equal to or greater than 0. 180 in. [4.57mm]. For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be calculated by the formula: percent elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] = 61t + 12, rounded to the nearest percent. For A500M use the following formula: 2.4t + 12, rounded to the nearest percent.
B Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t ) equal to or greater than 0. 120 in. [3.05mm]. For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be by agreement with the manufacturer. C The minimum elongation values specified apply only to tests performed prior to shipment of the tubing.

 

Dimensional Tolerances

 

Tolerances for ASTM A500 structural tubing are specified in the standard and vary by shape and size. Key tolerance categories include:

 

 Outside diameter (for round tubing)

 Width and depth (for square and rectangular tubing)

 Wall thickness

 Straightness

 Mass per unit length

 Corner radii (for square and rectangular sections)

 

These tolerances ensure consistency and fit-up in structural assemblies and are critical for design and fabrication.

 

Dimension Tolerance
List Tolerance Shape
Outer Diameter >2 in [50 mm] ±1% all
≤2 in [50 mm] ±1/48 in [0.50 mm]
Wall Thickness -10 % all
Weight -3.5 %-+10% all
Length (L) ≤7m [22 ft] -1/4 in-+1/2 in [-6 mm-+13
mm]		 all
7-14m [22-44ft] -1/4 in-+3/4 in[-6mm-+19
mm]
Straightness Lengths(L)are ft: L/40(Results in inch);
Lengths(L)are m: 2L(Results in mm);		 all
Squareness of Sides ±1° square and rectangular
Radius of Corners each outside corner of the section shall not exceed two times the
specified wall thickness.		 square,rectangular,and special
shapes
Twist not vary more than 1/12 in [2.1 mm]plus 1/144 in/ft [0.5mm/m] square,rectangular,and special
shapes
Concavity and Convexity 1% from the outside dimension square,rectangular,and sped
shapes

 

ASTM A500 Pipe Dimensions and Specifications Tables

 

Typical sizes for ASTM A500 structural tubing include:

 

 Round HSS: 1.315" OD to 12.75" OD and larger

 Square HSS: 1" x 1" to 12" x 12" and larger

 Rectangular HSS: 2" x 1" to 20" x 12" and larger

 

Wall thicknesses range from 0.065" to 0.625" depending on size and application

 

Nominal Pipe Size Outside Diameter (mm) Nominal Wall Thickness Schedule
NPS DN OD SCH 5 SCH 10 SCH 20 SCH 30 SCH Sth SCH 40 SCH 60 SCH XS SCH 80 SCH 100 SCH 120 SCH 140
1月8日 6 10.3   1.24   1.45 1.73 1.73   2.41 2.41      
1月4日 8 13.7   1.65   1.85 2.24 2.24   3.02 3.02      
3月8日 10 17.1   1.65   1.85 2.31 2.31   3.2 3.2      
1月2日 15 21.3 1.65 2.11   2.41 2.77 2.77   3.73 3.73      
3月4日 20 26.7 1.65 2.11   2.41 2.87 2.87   3.91 3.91      
1 25 33.4 1.65 2.77   2.9 3.38 3.38   4.55 4.55      
1 1/4 32 42.2 1.65 2.77   2.97 3.56 3.56   4.85 4.85      
1 1/2 40 48.3 1.65 2.77   3.18 3.68 3.68   5.08 5.08      
2 50 60.3 1.65 2.77   3.18 3.91 3.91   5.54 5.54      
2 1/2 65 73 2.11 3.05   4.78 5.16 5.16   7.01 7.01      
3 80 88.9 2.11 3.05   4.78 5.49 5.49   7.62 7.62      
3 1/2 90 101.6 2.11 3.05   4.78 5.74 5.74   8.08 8.08      
4 100 114.3 2.11 3.05   4.78 6.02 6.02   8.56 8.56   11.13  
5 125 141.3 2.77 3.4     6.55 6.55   9.53 9.53   12.7  
6 150 168.3 2.77 3.4     7.11 7.11   10.97 10.97   14.27  
8 200 219.1 2.77 3.76 6.35 7.04 8.18 8.18 10.31 12.7 12.7 15.09 18.26 20.62
10 250 273 3.4 4.19 6.35 7.8 9.27 9.27 12.7 12.7 15.09 18.26 21.44 25.4
12 300 323.8 3.96 4.57 6.35 8.38 9.53 10.31 14.27 12.7 17.48 21.44 25.4  
14 350 355.6 3.96 6.35 7.92 9.53 9.53 11.13 15.09 12.7 19.05 23.83    
16 400 406.4 4.19 6.35 7.92 9.53 9.53 12.7 16.66 12.7 21.44      
18 450 457 4.19 6.35 7.92 11.13 9.53 14.27 19.05 12.7 23.83      
20 500 508 4.78 6.35 9.53 12.7 9.53 15.09 20.62 12.7        
22 550 559 4.78 6.35 9.53 12.7 9.53   22.23 12.7        
24 600 610 5.54 6.35 9.53 14.27 9.53 17.48 24.61 12.7        
26 650 660   7.92 12.7   9.53     12.7        
28 700 711   7.92 12.7 15.88 9.53     12.7        
30 750 762 6.35 7.92 12.7 15.88 9.53     12.7        
32 800 813   7.92 12.7 15.88 9.53 17.48   12.7        
34 850 864   7.92 12.7 15.88 9.53 17.48   12.7        
36 900 914   7.92 12.7 15.88 9.53 19.05   12.7        
38 950 965         9.53     12.7        
40 1000 1016         9.53     12.7        
42 1050 1067         9.53     12.7        
44 1100 1118         9.53     12.7        
46 1150 1168         9.53     12.7        
48 1200 1219         9.53     12.7        

 

Nominal Pipe Size Outside Diameter (mm) Nominal Wall Thickness
NPS DN OD
52 1300 1321 9.53 10.31 11.13 11.91 12.7 14.27 15.88 17.48 19.05 20.62 22.23 23.83 25.4
56 1400 1422 9.53 10.31 11.13 11.91 12.7 14.27 15.88 17.48 19.05 20.62 22.23 23.83 25.4
60 1500 1524 9.53 10.31 11.13 11.91 12.7 14.27 15.88 17.48 19.05 20.62 22.23 23.83 25.4
64 1600 1626 9.53 10.31 11.13 11.91 12.7 14.27 15.88 17.48 19.05 20.62 22.23 23.83 25.4
68 1700 1727 9.53 10.31 11.13 11.91 12.7 14.27 15.88 17.48 19.05 20.62 22.23 23.83 25.4
72 1800 1829         12.7 14.27 15.88 17.48 19.05 20.62 22.23 23.83 25.4
76 1900 1930         12.7 14.27 15.88 17.48 19.05 20.62 22.23 23.83 25.4
80 2000 2032           14.27 15.88 17.48 19.05 20.62 22.23 23.83 25.4
84   2134                          
88   2235                          

 

Square Hollow Section
Thickness： 1.000 in. [25.4 mm] or less
Size (mm)
20 x 20 80 x 80 180 x 180
25 x 25 90 x 90 200 x 200
30 x 30 100 x 100 225 x 225
38 x 38 110 x 110 240 x 240
40 x 40 120 x 120 250 x 250
50 x 50 125 x 125 300 x 300
60 x 60 130 x 130 350 x 350
65 x 65 140 x 140 400 x 400
70 x 70 150 x 150 450 x 450
75 x 75 160 x 160 500 x 500

 

Rectangular Hollow Section Thickness： 1.000 in. [25.4 mm] or less
Size (mm)
20 x 30 120 x 40 250 x 75
40 x 20 120 x 50 250 x 100
40 x 25 120 x 60 250 x 150
40 x 30 120 x 80 250 x 200
50 x 25 120 x 100 300 x 100
50 x 30 140 x 60 300 x 150
50 x 40 140 x 80 300 x 180
60 x 30 150 x 50 300 x 200
60 x 40 150 x 75 400 x 200
70 x 50 150 x 100 400 x 300
80 x 40 160 x 60 400 x 350
80 x 50 160 x 80 450 x 250
80 x 60 180 x 120 500 x 200
90 x 60 180 x 140 500 x 300
100 x 40 200 x 50 500 x 400
100 x 50 200 x 60 600 x 200
100 x 60 200 x 80 600 x 300
100 x 80 200 x 100 600 x 400

 

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